有人問我為什麼“The ladder of success in Imperial China: aspects of social mobility, 1368-1911”一書要翻譯成《明清社會史論》,根本就沒照字義翻。這個問題問得很好,相信看到下圖,就沒有疑義了。
雖然這本對明清史影響甚大的著作至今還沒正式出版,但徐泓老師已經以譯註的方式發表了大部分的篇幅,加上王振忠的第六章。除了結論之外,讀者亦可先睹為快。
- 1. 何炳棣,〈《明清社會史論》譯註本序〉,《明代研究》,18(臺北,2012),頁145-148。
- 2. 徐泓,〈何炳棣在明清科舉與社會流動研究史上的地位:何炳棣著《明清社會史論》譯者序〉,《東吳歷史學報》,21(臺北,2009),頁191-207。
- 3. 何炳棣著,徐泓譯注,〈第一章、社會意識形態與社會階層〉,《東吳歷史學報》,21(臺北,2009),頁209-273。
- 4. 何炳棣著,徐泓譯注,〈第二章、社會身分系統的流動性〉,《東吳歷史學報》,23(臺北,2010),頁203-260。
- 5. 何炳棣著,徐泓譯注,〈第三章、向上流動:進入仕途〉,《明代研究》,15(臺北,2010),頁119-153。
- 6. 何炳棣著,徐泓譯注,〈第四章、向下流動〉,《東吳歷史學報》,24(臺北,2010),頁149-197。
- 7. 何炳棣著,徐泓譯注,〈第五章、影響明清社會流動的因素〉,《東吳歷史學報》,27(臺北,2012),頁149-224。
- 8. 何炳棣著,王振忠譯,〈第六章、科舉和社會流動的差異〉,《歷史地理》,第11輯(上海,1993),頁299-316。
附上英文目錄
I. Social Ideology and Social Stratification
The Basic Antithesis
Social Stratification
Education and Wealth as Determinants of Social Status
II. The Fluidity of the Status System
The Absence of Effective Legal Barriers to Status Mobility
Statistics on Ming Chin-shih from Special Statuses
Fluidity of the Status System Seen in Social Literature
The Permeation of Society by Confucian Ideology
III. Upward Mobility: Entry into Officialdom
A Brief Criticism of Sources
Statistics
IV. Downward Mobility
Sample Genealogical Records
Human Environment
The Competitiveness of the Examination System
The Limited Scope of Yin
Dilution of Wealth
The Family System
Summary
V. Factors Affecting Social Mobility
Examination and State Schools
Community Schools and Private Academies
Sundry Community Aids for Examination Candidates
The Clan System
Printing
Wars and Social Upheavals
Demographic and Economic Factors
VI. Regional Differences in Socioacademic Success and Mobility
Population of the Provinces
Distribution of Academic Success by Provinces
Regional Differences in Mobility Rates
Academically Outstanding Localities
VII. Recapitulation and Conclusion